Measures average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months; used to assess diabetes control.

Irregular Values:
High: Persistent high blood sugar, indicating poor diabetes control or undiagnosed diabetes; symptoms include fatigue, excessive thirst, frequent urination, and blurred vision.

Low: Can indicate hypoglycemia or an overcorrection of diabetes treatment; symptoms include shakiness, confusion, sweating, dizziness, and fainting.

A protein in the blood that helps maintain blood volume and pressure, and transports substances.

Irregular Values:
Low: Could indicate malnutrition, liver disease, kidney disease, or inflammation; symptoms may include swelling (edema), fatigue, and weakness.

High: Rare, but could indicate dehydration or certain cancers; symptoms may include increased thirst or dry skin.

Reflects the total amount of proteins in the blood, including albumin and globulins, which are crucial for bodily functions.

Irregular Values:
Low: Often seen in liver disease, kidney disease, or malnutrition; symptoms may include edema, fatigue, and susceptibility to infections.

High: Can indicate chronic inflammation, multiple myeloma, or dehydration; symptoms may include weakness, weight loss, and frequent infections.

A marker for kidney function, measuring the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood, a waste product from protein metabolism.

Irregular Values:
High: May indicate kidney dysfunction, dehydration, or high protein intake; symptoms include fatigue, nausea, and swelling.

Low: Can indicate liver disease or malnutrition; symptoms include poor appetite and general weakness.

A waste product from muscle metabolism used to assess kidney function.

Irregular Values:
High: Indicates potential kidney dysfunction or muscle damage; symptoms may include swelling, shortness of breath, and fatigue.

Low: Can suggest reduced muscle mass, which may be seen in malnutrition or aging; symptoms include muscle weakness or wasting.

A type of fat in the blood that serves as an energy source; high levels are linked to heart disease.

Irregular Values:
High: Can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and pancreatitis; symptoms may include abdominal pain, nausea, and chest pain.

Low: Often not a concern but could indicate malnutrition or hyperthyroidism; symptoms may include fatigue or weakness.

“Good” cholesterol that helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream.

Irregular Values:
Low: Increases the risk of heart disease and stroke; symptoms may include chest pain or shortness of breath during exertion.

High: Generally considered protective, but in rare cases may be linked to other health issues; symptoms are typically not noticeable.

“Bad” cholesterol that can build up in arteries, leading to cardiovascular disease.

Irregular Values:
High: Increases the risk of atherosclerosis, heart attack, or stroke; symptoms may include chest pain or shortness of breath.

Low: Rare, but could be linked to nutritional deficiencies or liver disease; symptoms may include fatigue or digestive issues.

The total amount of cholesterol in the blood, including HDL, LDL, and other components.

Irregular Values:
High: Increases the risk of heart disease and stroke; symptoms may include chest pain, dizziness, or shortness of breath.

Low: Can be associated with liver disease, cancer, or malnutrition; symptoms may include fatigue or increased susceptibility to infections.

A fat-soluble vitamin essential for calcium absorption and bone health.

Irregular Values:
Low: Can cause bone pain, muscle weakness, and increase the risk of osteoporosis.

High: Can lead to calcium buildup, causing nausea, vomiting, and kidney damage.

A water-soluble vitamin crucial for red blood cell production and nervous system health.

Irregular Values:
Low: May cause fatigue, weakness, anemia, and neurological symptoms like numbness or tingling.

High: Rare but may indicate liver disease or certain blood cancers; symptoms may include dizziness or difficulty breathing.

A mineral important for muscle function, nerve transmission, and bone health.

Irregular Values:
Low: Can cause muscle cramps, fatigue, irregular heartbeat, and weakness.

High: May lead to nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, and heart arrhythmias.

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress, regulating various bodily functions.

Irregular Values:
High: Can lead to weight gain, high blood pressure, anxiety, and skin changes (e.g., thinning or bruising).

Low: Can cause fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and dizziness.

The total amount of testosterone in the blood, important for male reproductive and metabolic functions.

Irregular Values:
Low: May cause fatigue, decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and muscle loss.

High: Can lead to aggression, acne, and excessive body hair growth, and may be linked to certain tumors.

A protein that binds to sex hormones, regulating their activity in the body.

Irregular Values:
Low: May be linked to insulin resistance, obesity, or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); symptoms may include acne, weight gain, or irregular periods.

High: Can lead to lower levels of free testosterone and estrogen; symptoms may include fatigue, depression, and decreased libido.

A form of estrogen, a key hormone in female reproductive health and regulation of the menstrual cycle.

Irregular Values:
Low: Can cause hot flashes, mood swings, irregular periods, or vaginal dryness.

High: May lead to weight gain, bloating, and increased risk of certain cancers (e.g., breast cancer).

Stimulates the thyroid to produce hormones that regulate metabolism.

Irregular Values:
High: Can indicate hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid); symptoms include weight gain, fatigue, dry skin, and depression.

Low: Can indicate hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid); symptoms include weight loss, increased heart rate, anxiety, and heat intolerance.